Africa



** Essential Questions **:
 * **How can political change cause conflict**
 * **Political change creates conflict because some people may disagree for changes. -Not everyone would agree or not and it can cause a negative impact. -Puts people into groups, people complain**
 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * **The development of nationalism impacts people, nations, and empire because all will have different viewpoints. Nationalism is attached to a country examples: bald eagle, statue of liberty.** **It can reunite people to preservation and culture.**
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**
 * **Political relationships can affect economic relationships because they both have different viewpoints. Ex Russia and US --> invade Ukraine, spying companies**
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**
 * **The characteristics and factors unite people as a nation would be freedom. -Equality unites people as a nation. - Common enemies, similar ideas, culture, faith in government, ca strophe**



**Video Notes on Africa:**

 * In 1839 China sent a threat
 * Scramble Africa
 * Trade with Africa
 * Europeans have been involve with Africa in the 16th century
 * Portuguese used cannons to take control of cities on coast
 * ABC is a baby patriot that went by C is for colonies
 * Europeans wanted raw material which includes iron, copper,cotton, and rubber to grown industrial economies
 * Different types of disease in Africa includes yellow fever, malaria, and etc
 * In 1670 weapons were useless, swords
 * Technology made difference
 * Steam ships made it possible for European travel
 * Most important technologies were guns
 * Fighting and dying killed lot of people in Africa
 * Most of Asia was impacted with the war
 * Europeans relying on governments
 * Intermittent government
 * Europeans rely on their technologies
 * Educated in Europe
 * African rulers were able to be success in imperialism
 * Industrialization pushed economic history


 * Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire. **


 * By Karl Liebknecht **

In this quote its talking about how many people are being killed from wars. When it said "sucks the blood like a vampire" that represent people dying and shedding their blood to one another.



In this picture I see people from Africa standing on top of America and Great Britain has to carry from different countries. I also see the word civilization in the left corner. I see different varieties of bags such as ignorance, vice, oppression, superstition, slave way, vote, and etc.



1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why?
 * The "White Man's Burden" is a phrase of impearlism against many anti- impaerlist. White man had to civilized and duty to help the races such as cultural and government.
 * Kipling suggest that the U.S should taken up of the empire such as Britain and European. A reward for benefitting getting profit they should get all their effort.
 * Kipling would think that people who are in different countries would read this poem because its a poem that realtes to everyone. Governtment officials would read his poem. I would agree to it because it supports.
 * I think in lines 3-4 is interesting because it's talking about how their are soldiers comming from places and they have to prepare themselves to the war. I think this shows " Go send your sons to exile, To serve your captive's need"

Message of the poem : The message of this poem is relating to the "White Man's Burden" and in this case it saying how it was demonstrating of Brown people in mistreatment of Black Americans at home. "Pile on the Black Man’s Burden You’ve sealed the Red Man’s problem," This message shows that the black man being burden. Red satnds for blood, people always would use violence for their ways.

**Berlin Confrence:** Equality, Freedom, Power, Rights, and Slave trade. Division because it divided city from greed and Africa. Slave trade because Africans were impacted by being mistreated. **Document 1:**

" Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference // of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered //// that has made it possible for evil to triumph." //** Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** Questions to consider ** : **
 * What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?


 * The prespective of the author is saying that actions are being led and people should of done what they could have done. When it said the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered that has made it possible for evil to triumph then that means there was no rights being said.The author thinks this way because he has gone through wars and knows more than some people do.


 * Why might the author be making this statement?


 * The author might be making this statement because he wanted people to know that fighting for justice isn't as easy as what people thinks. He saw other countries being runned by other countries.


 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.

//Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races...// //I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty.// //I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do withtout safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world.//
 * It relates to impearialsm in Africa because there was no voice of justice.
 * Document 2:**
 * "On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)**
 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * The author is Jules Ferry is a French prime minister. His viewpoint is saying that he wants encourage people to speak up and give people fair rights to have their own rights. The higher races is benefitting the low races of impearlism.


 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * People should have more superior and people should be able to get fair rights.


 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * His giving this speech because he wants people to get fair rights and having a freedom of speech. The purpose of this speech is get many people involve and letting the world know that they don't get enought rights.


 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?
 * This speech is telling about you should get a say in speech and get fair rights.




 * Document 3**:"The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1982.Artists: Linley Sambourne




 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?
 * The political cartoon is published in the London Charivari, December 10, 1982. This political cartoon was where it took place in the Rhodes of Colossus. The impact of the presepective of this picture cartoon showed a man stepping on land and he's looking hapy. This means that China won success and China are stepping over other countries. This also means that China has gain victory.


 * What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)
 * The title means conquering other places to lands. The author choose the words he did because this had led an impact on the war.


 * Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see?
 * In this political cartoon an Asian man is standing on top of the lands. I see lands, a string that the man is holding, and he's carrying on weapons.This means that China wants to conquer many lands and gain powers.


 * What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?
 * The artist viewpoint is trying to let people see that China has many powers and they want to control other lands as well. This political cartoon claims that few people are not aware that China is over ruling other population and everyone should have free right and land.

"//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos**//.
 * Document 4**:
 * Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?
 * The author is //Mark X of// //Moshweshewe.// He's writting this letter because he wanted to let people know that their are still some people not getting enough rights. He also wants to show freedom and peace. The purpose of writting this letter is to get people into action and giving them a right in speech.


 * The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)
 * Bores are people who came from the colony to represent themselves. Harry Smith is a man who sent Warden to govern in Soverign. They impact this letter because they want to bring in justice and freedom.


 * Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.
 * I think this letter is successful because it did get to the point of having freedom and justice. "//Blacks and Whites were to// //live together in peace"// I think this quote is important because it showed freedom and equality.

So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different.
 * Document 5**: **Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.**


 * How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?
 * People were treated like slaves.


 * Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?
 * It was unsuccessful because not that much people supported Africa. Many people were agianst Africans


 * Document 6**: **Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.**

And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice
 * Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?


 * Document 7**: **Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.

The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.
 * What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim
 * Why do you think the Africans made such claims?


 * Document 8**:

Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.




 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * This person is standing next to the dead elephant. The man is holding a long sword. In the background it shows bushes surrounding the man and the elephant.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * The purpose of this photograph shows an ecnomic chage in Africa. It also shows how many people were killed during the war.
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?
 * The economic of this photo indicates about Africa and the elephant represents death for people dying in Africa.


 * Document 9**:




 * What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Great Britain and France benefitted from African resources.
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?


 * Document 10**:

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy. Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962
 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?